Heritage preservation is a crucial aspect of maintaining cultural identity and promoting sustainable tourism in many countries around the world. However, documenting and preserving small-scale heritage sites can be a challenging task, especially in regions where modern technology is not readily available. This is where the concept of HBIM (Historic Building Information Modeling) comes into play.HBIM is a digital documentation method that integrates the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and historical building data to create a comprehensive virtual representation of heritage sites. It involves creating a 3D model of a building or site and adding information about its historical significance, materials used, and structural details. HBIM can be useful in many ways, from facilitating restoration and renovation processes to preserving the site's cultural and historical significance for future generations.<figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1678706453790_image.png"><figcaption>Figure 1: Initial data gathering from the site.</figcaption></figure>The case of Kwahiti, a stone spout in Kathmandu, Nepal, serves as an excellent example of the practical benefits of the proposed framework. This site is not only valuable for its cultural heritage but also for its functionality, as it serves as a public water source for the surrounding community. Therefore, accurate spatial documentation of the site is crucial to ensure its preservation and continued use.The use of HBIM in the documentation of Kwahiti has several advantages. Firstly, it allows for creation of a digital twin of the site that can be used for restoration and renovation purposes, without the need for physical access to the site. This is particularly important for heritage sites that are at risk of damage from natural disasters or human activity. Additionally, HBIM can be used to simulate various scenarios and assess the impact of potential changes to the site.&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1678706519458_image.png"><figcaption>Figure 2: Pre-processing of Point Cloud data</figcaption></figure>Moreover, HBIM can enhance the visitor experience by creating immersive virtual tours of the site. This can be especially useful for small-scale heritage sites that may not have the resources to offer physical tours to visitors. Virtual tours can provide visitors with a detailed understanding of the site's historical and cultural significance and increase their appreciation for the site.In conclusion, the case of Kwahiti demonstrates the practical benefits of using HBIM for the accurate spatial documentation of small-scale heritage sites. By creating a comprehensive digital twin of the site, HBIM can help ensure its preservation and continued functionality while also enhancing the visitor experience. However, the research was only limited to the ‘Hiti’. As in, the source of water and its route hasn’t been documented. This is the challenging part of the heritage documentation and further research is required for achieving an accurate HBIM model of this heritage site. Finally, as technology continues to evolve, it is important to embrace new methods like HBIM to preserve our cultural heritage for future generations.<figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1678706561922_image.png"><figcaption>Figure 3: Post-Processing of Point Cloud Data</figcaption></figure>The research can be read from the website of Kantipur Engineering College, Dhapakhel, Lalitpur, Conference Proceedings of 2022:&nbsp;<a href="https://kec.edu.np/kec-conference-2022-proceedings/">https://kec.edu.np/kec-conference-2022-proceedings/</a>

BIM use cases for Nepalese Heritage Protection - A HBIM Case Study of Hiti (Stone Pout)

The recent three-day training program organized by the Society of Consulting Architectural and Engineering Firms (SCAEF) &nbsp;in collaboration with the Nepal Building Information Modeling Forum (NBIMF), Federation of Contractor's Associations of Nepal (FCAN) and Construction Business Development Implementation Committee (CBDIC) was a success. The program was aimed at promoting the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools and techniques in the Nepalese Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry.The program, titled "Basics of Building Information Modelling (BIM) for Architects" covered a range of topics related to BIM, such as BIM guidelines, policies and regulations, IFC basics, and information exchange, BIM in the architectural design process, BIM for visualization, BIM for interdisciplinary collaboration &amp; communication, and Basics of Archicad.The course was delivered through contact teaching, and participants were provided with certificates upon completion of the training. The program's learning outcomes were impressive, as participants learned how to prepare architectural domain models and documents on the basis of set targets and definitions, prepare and validate architectural domain models with architectural specialties for different uses and phases of a project, and contribute to the preparation of presentation materials and presentation agenda to support clients and other stakeholder's effective decision-making and opinion formation in the discipline.The training program had several experts and guest speakers, including Er. Sudhir Thapa, Er. Mahesh Karki, and Er. Sachina Bajracharya, Er. Rajan Shrestha, Arch. Sunil Suwal from Finland, Mr. Eugenio Fontan from Hongkong, and Dr. Amarnath from India, Er. Kishlay Kumar from India was among the program's guest speakers.<figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1678340289860_DSC_1450-min.jpg"><figcaption>&nbsp;</figcaption></figure><figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1678340307050_DSC_1511-min.jpg" alt=" Meetup"></figure><figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1678340410048_DSC_1570-min.jpg"><figcaption>&nbsp;</figcaption></figure><figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1678337107246_1-1.jpeg"><figcaption>&nbsp;</figcaption></figure>&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1678338885567_13-1-min.jpeg"><figcaption>&nbsp;</figcaption></figure>

Digital Transformation of Nepalese AEC Industry: "A Successful 3-Day BIM Training Program for Architects"

To enhance cross-region knowledge-sharing and international relationships, Nepal BIM Forum has endorsed a strategic partnership with India BIM Association. Together, we are endeavoring to reach a common goal of Digital Transformation within the building, infrastructure, and smart cities sectors in their respective countries, regions, and territories.&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1678291089207_nbimf_ibima.jpg"></figure>

MOU Signed with Indian BIM Association

On March 10th, Nepal BIM Forum and Nepal Engineering College, changunarayan, Bhaktapur signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the premises of Nepal Engineering College to enhance Building Information Modelling (BIM) education and research collaboration. The main goal of this MoU is to create several BIM-based curricula as well as to offer BIM technology to students and nec faculty members. We would like to thank all the faculty members of nec for supporting this initiation.<figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1678290684668_4.jpg"></figure><figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1678290685099_3.jpg"></figure><figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1678290684916_1.jpg"></figure>

MOU Signed with Nepal Engineering College

यस Nepal Building Information Modelling Forum (NBIMF) गैर नाफामुलक संस्था २०७७ सालबाट नेपालमा स्थापनाभै “Building Information Modelling (BIM)” लगायत “Digital Engineering Practices” सम्बन्धि विभिन्न कार्यक्रमहरु गरिरहेको छ । शहरी विकास तथा भवन निर्माण विभागको आ.व ०७९/८० को घोषणापत्रमा आवस, भवन र शहरी पूर्वाधार डीजाईनमा नयाँ नवीनतम प्रविध जसतै “Building Information Modelling (BIM)” को प्रयोगलाई प्रोत्साहन गर्ने निर्णय गरिएकोमा यस Nepal Building Information Modeling Forum (NBIMF) हार्दिक स्वागत गर्दै धन्यवाद ज्ञापन गर्दछौं ।

Thank You Message to Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC)

We are pleased to announce Nepal BIM Forum(NBIMF) sponsored the “RUN FOR NEPAL” event which took place in Helsinki on August 18, 2018. Two of our members Priyanka Thapa and Bhupendra Basnet ran for the event representing Nepal BIM Forum (NBIMF).Run for Nepal was organized in four countries Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. Run for Nepal is organized every year in four cities where the fund collected is used to support various projects. Last year the event supported flood victims of Terai and Dhurmus Suntali Foundation from the fund collected. This year we have RFN will support the Guardianship Program initiated by the government of Nepal.In coordination with GoN, the Ministry of Education we are pleased to support the children who are unable to go to school and receive proper education due to their weak financial situation.

Run For Nepal

Nepal BIM Forum and Global construction technology leader Trimble hosted Nepal’s first-ever Building Information Modeling (BIM) conference for the country’s fast-growing construction industry. Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) also supported, the ‘Nepal BIM Conference 2019’ initiative focusing on necessary digital BIM tools and processes to drive the digital transformation of the Nepalese construction industry. Senior representatives from different governmental organizations, contractors, and consulting firms as well as architects, engineers, and designers attended the event.The event was focused on introducing digital tools, technologies, and processes to showcase how these could drive and support the digital transformation of the Nepalese construction industry. As an initiation to introduce BIM, a general introduction about the key concept of BIM was introduced by the chairperson of the NBIMF Mr. Sunil Suwal.The key personnel that participated in the event from NBIMF were the vice-chairperson and secretary of NBIMF Mr. Mahesh Karki and a founding member Mr. Bhupendra Basent. Similarly, the country advisor for NBIMF Mr. Bishundas Lama also attended the program. Likewise, the Regional sales director for India and SAARC,&nbsp; Mr. Harsh Pareek, Mr. Mitra Dutta&nbsp; Business Development Manager, and Technical Manager Ms. Manju Bhargavi participated in the event from Trimble solutions. Ms. Manju showcased Trimble products to support the ongoing digital processes and how Trimble products could easily be utilized.The event was well-received by both private as well as public organizations. The event introduced digital tools importance of BIM as well as ongoing developments around the world. It focused on providing knowledge about BIM tools and processes as well as why constructible, connected, and content-enabled digital construction is a necessity in today’s world. The event continued with a panel discussion where the main focus was on efficient construction and digital solutions.&nbsp;The panelists involved key representatives from both private and public organizations as well as academic institutions. The key panelist during the sessions was a Professor of the Institute of Engineering (IOE) and a prominent structural engineer Mr. Rajan Suwal, an Infrastructure expert Mr. Surya Raj Acharya, the President of Youth Community for Nepalese Contractors (YCNC) and an advisor for Federation of Contractor Association of Nepal (FCAN) Mr. Birendra Raj Pandey, President of Society of Nepalese Architects (SONA) Ms. Anju Malla Pradhan and Regional sales director for India and SAARC Mr. Harsh Pareek.&nbsp;&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1670487623240_blog%204.1.png"></figure><figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1670487638447_blog%204.2.png"></figure>&nbsp;

BIM In Nepal Conference 2019 – Post Event Updates

Nepal BIM Forum participated in Sustainable Built Environment (SBE) Conferences 2019, in cooperation with Metropolia University of Applied Sciences and talked about, “A study on BIM Implementation in developing countries for Sustainable development” in Helsinki Finland, organized by the Finnish Association of Civil Engineers, RIL.Sustainable Built Environment (SBE) Conference has established its position among leading events where researchers, industry, and governments network to share good practices and develop further key sustainability topics in the built environment. SBE series has evolved in 20 years from buildings to neighborhoods complementing successfully environmental aspects by social and economic dimensions.The SBE19 Helsinki edition on 22-24 May debated how our Clean Planet with its Happy People can share Prosperity for present and future generations. Emerging Concepts range from climate change mitigation and adaptation, circularity, net positive approach and ecological handprint, healthy indoor and outdoor environments, business models for value and risk optimization, and nature-based solutions to frugal innovation. Accepted Scientific papers were published in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science and Industry papers in the Conference Proceedings with ISBN and ISSN numbers.Sunil Suwal chairperson of Nepal BIM Forum introduced BIM as a ‘digital representation of our facilities’ The abstract of the submission is as followsBuilding information modeling (BIM) is the current buzzword which been revolving around the construction industry for a few decades now. It has changed the way how we plan, design, and construct our built environment. Currently, various researchers and organizations are currently searching for different ways to efficiently and effectively use BIM processes and technologies during the operations phases. BIM is considered to be of high importance and its implementation is made mandatory in developed countries like Finland, UK, and so on. BIM tools and processes have proven benefits and versatile uses in the global construction industry. Utilizing BIM can assist the industry to design and develop sustainable projects that directly have a positive impact on the sustainable development of a nation. With BIM tools and processes, it is possible to make an early analysis of the influence on the projects and decide the best approaches that aid towards positive results of social, economic, and environmental factors. There have been proven benefits of BIM usage to deliver built environment projects with reduced cost and time along with increased quality and higher customer satisfaction. Despite the benefits BIM provides, it is currently limited to developed economies and countries. Developing countries have been struggling for smooth and transparent construction projects with underlying socio-economic problems. Construction projects in these types of scenarios moreover result in delays due to different seen and unseen factors. Moreover, the environmental impacts of a project are hardly considered. Proper usage and implementation of BIM in developing countries thus can support the socioeconomic growth of a country and simultaneously decrease the environmental footprint. This paper discusses the importance of BIM in construction projects with a focus on developing countries. It presents the important factors based on social, economic, and environmental factors. Furthermore, it identifies the underlying challenges and factors that hinder BIM implementation in developing countries through an approach.BIM supports the lifecycle of the project for example within design there are different options based on our BIM uses. If we want to get energy-efficient building architects in the pre-design phase can develop different types of simulations for design options that might be energy efficient. During the construction process, we can reduce different types of waste, we can detect different kinds of clashes between the different disciplines and stakeholders, and utilize the information for the quantities so that our construction workflow goes smoothly.<a href="https://photos.google.com/share/AF1QipO2pmNhyNDhSbEg7CwUgG0GvnrY3N9Sbrq1nUdoVoqr9bgqYwPZU5NNbNV8K2d3mg?key=ZmYta092MzlmRGVKYnBHbkxxQUloWFd2OUhNWlNB">Click here</a> to download the photos of the conference.<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1O3kJU-jzipQdIKp3mSWP961NfQsawQpt/view">Click here</a> to download the conference paper.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Nepal BIM Forum Participated in Sustainable Built Environment (SBE) Conferences 2019

The 1st Annual General Meeting of Nepal BIM Forum (NBIMF) took place on Saturday 2nd November 2019 in Helsinki, Finland. Chairperson Sunil Suwal started the Annual General Meeting with welcome notes for the Nepal BIM Forum International and Nepal BIM Forum Nepal Team attendees. Vice-Chairperson and Secretary Mahesh Karki and Chief Financial officer Manish Yakami presented the annual report and financial details of the organization respectively. Executive Board member Bhupendra Basnet presented changes to the association’s rules and regulations.Last year was a challenging and successful year for NBIMF, as we were at the beginning phase of the organization. We were successfully registered as a non-profit organization in Finland and we are continuously working to educate the Nepalese AEC stakeholders about Building Information Modelling. We were able to conduct 60 weekly meetings that lead to great aspiring ideas, 20 events including presentations and training sessions as well as the ‘BIM in Nepal conference 2019’. NBIMF's key research focus relates to BIM research, implementation, standardization, and education. Its mission is to support the Nepalese AEC industry in adopting BIM.The key focus of the&nbsp; first AGM are listed below:<ol><li>Extension of NBIMF organization and its members in different countries</li><li>Financial stability, membership fees, and events</li><li>Coordination with similar interests organization</li><li>Collaboration with educational institutes</li><li>BIM implementation&nbsp; strategy</li><li>BIM&nbsp; roadmap for Nepal</li></ol>Key areas of focus were discussed and agreed upon to make it successful in the upcoming year 2020-2021. Some of the events and activities that are on the planning are as follows:<ol><li>International conferences and events</li><li>BIM research proposals</li><li>International funding possibilities</li><li>Sustainable development</li><li>Disaster risk management</li><li>BIM mobility</li><li>Educational sessions</li><li>BIM mandate possibility</li><li>BIM project implementation</li><li>Collaboration agreement&nbsp; with key AEC stakeholders in Nepal &nbsp;</li></ol>Similarly, NBIMF’s first AGM approved the following executive board member for the term of 2020 to 2021. nbimf board member During the first year of a journey, NBIMF is connected with many active and enthusiastic members and we would like to thank all of them for their contribution. Last but not least, we would also like to thank all the participants of the AGM. Similarly, the presentation on the annual activities of the Nepal BIM Forum is also presented at the end.&nbsp;

Nepal BIM Forum International successfully organized 1st AGM

Nepal BIM Forum in response to the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 Virus in Nepal has prepared a preliminary isolation module that can be easily manufactured and assembled offsite in a short period of time. This kind of module could be very useful for a country like Nepal as it is easy to transport and build with the use of local labor and resources.<ol><li>The isolation module consists of three different parts.</li><li>Structural.</li><li>Architectural.</li><li>MEP</li></ol>Nepal BIM Forum has made the 3D BIM Model of the isolation module public, which can be explored below using Trimble Connect 3D Viewer (below this post, might take some time to load, depending on the internet speed, and best view from the computer). NBIMF is willing to provide its technical assistance and other required details to manufacture such a module if necessary. Do contact us at Nepal BIM Forum Facebook page or via email at <a href="mailto:contact@nbimf.com">contact@nbimf.com</a><ul><li>Special thanks to our NBIMF team members – Bhupendra Basnet, Sunil Suwal, and Mahesh Karki</li><li>Structural design by – Bhupendra Basnet</li><li>Architectural and MEP design by – Sunil Suwal</li><li>Coordination by – Mahesh Karki</li></ul>

Covid IsolationModule

The term Building information modeling (BIM) is defined as the way to use information technology to establish the building lifecycle processes to provide a safer and advantageous environment for its occupants, to find a solution for the least impact on the environment from its presence and to operate the building efficiently during its intended lifecycle. BIM is defined as a verb or adjective phrase to describe tools, processes, and technologies that are facilitated by digital, machine-readable documentation about a building and its performance, design, construction, and operation. It is the method to blend the description of the building efficiently among the stakeholders for a better understanding of the building's performance during its intended period of existence.It is said that Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.’ This is the current situation of the construction industry in Nepal. Nepal has been practicing an obsolete method of working in the construction business. Globally, BIM has already existed for more than twenty years. The growth of the BIM technology had been slow after its inception but the construction industry today is adopting BIM at a fast rate. The level of adoption rate in North America has increased from 28% (2007) to 71% (2012) where contractors gave the highest adoption rate (74%) as compared to the architects (70%) and the engineers (64%). In 2016, in the United Kingdom, the government mandated the application of BIM. Therefore, the adoption rate has increased from 60% to 95% in the last three years (Waterhouse R and Philp D, 2016). The adoption rate is even higher in Nordic countries like Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. The number doesn’t lie it’s concrete proof that BIM had proved its importance in developed countries. It’s unfortunate to admit Nepal is lagging behind in the adaptation of BIM, to date there is no project completed in Nepal using BIM tools. As per the research conducted by the center for Integrated Facility Engineering (CIFE) in 2007, financial benefits in BIM-based projects during the design and construction phase yield the following results:<ol><li>7% reduction in project completion time</li><li>10% of cost saving</li><li>40% elimination of unbudgeted changes</li><li>80% time reduction to generate a cost estimate</li><li>3% cost estimation accuracy within 3 %</li></ol>The model workflow for Nepalese Building construction if BIM is adapted is explained in brief below:The sample model project can be modeled as a 3D model in BIM software. The data extracted from the software can be exchanged from the Pre-tendering phase to after the construction phase. The Architectural 3D model can be converted into a neutral file format (eg: IFC) and plans created from the architectural model can be transferred to the Structural engineer.The Structural Engineer then creates their own Structural 3D model with reference to the IFC and plans from Architect. The structural engineer makes sure the modeled created from the architecture can withstand the intended period of life. The 3D model is constructed and provided by the structural engineer with materials types, sizing of materials, size of rebar, etc. Different types of accurate detail information can be drawn out from the 3D model. After completion clash check is done to check if there are any clashes in the model which is proved to be very useful in construction to overcome errors at the construction site. Along with the structural engineer, the electrical and pipes designer can use the IFC provided by the architect to create electrical and pipelines in the structure. The structural engineer then can combine the plan coming from the electrical and pipe designer and make necessary holes in the slab and walls as needed in the plan drawing.The construction contractor can also make scheduling of construction and the required manpower and tools for certain tasks with a 3D model which makes the working schedule more precise and effective. As scheduling is done before construction the contractor has clear knowledge about the required manpower and materials during different steps in construction. Furthermore, different simulations can be carried out in models created from BIM software like wind simulation, Fire simulation, Earthquake simulation, and Energy consumption simulation which will give a clear picture of the performance of the building during different scenarios.The Nepalese AEC industry has all the reasons to adopt BIM but still, Nepal is not even in the process to adopt BIM in Nepalese AEC industries. The government has no motivation in adopting BIM and many people from the AEC industries are unaware of the potential of BIM implementation in Nepal. To change the current ineffective workflow in the Nepalese AEC industry BIM must be adopted. The possible motivation factors for BIM adoption in Nepal can be as follows:<ol><li>Enhancing the level of BIM knowledge among the different stakeholders.</li><li>Convince government bodies to adopt BIM in the AEC industry</li><li>Launching a BIM training program</li><li>Facilitate educational facilities for the purpose of supporting their use</li><li>Introducing courses related to BIM in the academic curriculum</li><li>Government policies to make BIM mandatory</li><li>Promote local awareness of BIM benefits through online courses and training</li><li>The government should support companies that are adopting BIM</li><li>Complete analysis of the life cycle of a project to convince the client about the potential final return</li><li>Allocation of financial funding to support the cost of BIM adaption</li><li>Contracting with a specialist with experience in the BIM field</li></ol>

BIM Adoption in Nepal (Part 1)

The construction industry, in general, is fragmented in nature and the way construction projects are planned, designed, and executed differs highly depending upon the country. Developed countries currently use model-based systems, namely building information modeling (BIM) for projects. BIM promotion and adoption in such countries are highly recommended and regulated as it helps AEC projects to be error-free, completed on or before estimated time and cost, and with better quality. In comparison to developed countries, developing countries still struggle to handle AEC projects in the right manner. There are different existing problems and the way projects are undertaken has huge differences. However, BIM could support the existing project delivery methods as well as could possibly introduce a new way of working for the projects.In a country like Nepal where the public sector accounts for most of the larger constructions, it is of paramount importance to introduce better possibilities, so that the project could finish in time without exceeding the cost estimate. Currently, in most of the projects in Nepal Design-Bid-Build project delivery system is practiced in public projects. The current scenario of these types of projects faces the problems of delays and cost overrun. One of the primary causes of this delay is due to miscommunication and miscoordination among the project stakeholders.Primarily, there are four types of project delivery methods<ol><li>Design-Bid-Build</li><li>Construction Management at Risk</li><li>Design Build</li><li>Integrated Project Delivery</li></ol><figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1670412736237_blog%202.1.png"></figure>Fig 1: Common Project Delivery System. (American Society of Civil Engineers)Out of the four delivery methods, IPD is normally considered to be the best process for BIM-based processes. However, the best suited might be the Design-Build project delivery method in the present Nepalese context combining it with BIM. This delivery method provides responsibilities within a single organization to design and construct. Basically, this makes it possible to have a single point of responsibility where there is a single contract between the owner and the general contractor. In principle, this delivery method will ensure that the final construction is as per the design and that the deviation between the design product and the constructed product is coordinated, which will also help to ensure that the project is delivered on time and within the budget. [2]<figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1670412077628_blog%202.png"></figure>Fig 2: BIM helping the design and management of a large infrastructure project, case Crown Bridges, Helsinki, Anssi Savisalo, Sitowise (2018)Currently, in most of the ongoing projects cost overrun, quality issues, the issue with design implementation, accountability, and exceeding the schedule are a few of the common issues. It’s often so that if something goes wrong in the project, the blame game starts, where each party involved tries to shift the blame to the other party. As an example, the Babai bridge, constructed by Pappu Construction collapsed on August 13, 2017. When asked about this incident the owner of the company Hari Narayan Rauniyar said:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ‘If the bridges were constructed against their design, the concerned project offices&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; should have notified us. We have not yet received any such complaints from them.’&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;This clearly shows the lack of accountability which is prevalent in the Nepalese construction industry. [3]<figure class="image"><img src="https://prod-bmif.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/1670412821936_blog%202.2.png"></figure>&nbsp;Fig 3: &nbsp;The collapse of Babai Bridge on Aug 13, 2017 (Ekantipur)The design-build project (DBP) delivery method in combination with BIM is the suitable delivery method in Nepal. With the integration of BIM in the Design-Build project, it will make it possible to avoid cost and time overruns through careful planning and analysis of the building virtually, before the construction begins.&nbsp;From the starting phase, BIM will help in the visualization of the project and will make sure that the owner and the contractor are on the same page in terms of final goals. To sum up, the public sector construction in Nepal is plagued by miscommunication between the parties and accountability issues. A BIM-based solution will make it possible to communicate clearly about the design changes, which can be approved immediately. With an accurate schedule and cost estimation, it will be possible to save billions of rupees annually.Fig 3: &nbsp;The collapse of Babai Bridge on Aug 13, 2017 (Ekantipur)The design-build project (DBP) delivery method in combination with BIM is the suitable delivery method in Nepal. With the integration of BIM in the Design-Build project, it will make it possible to avoid cost and time overruns through careful planning and analysis of the building virtually, before the construction begins.&nbsp;From the starting phase, BIM will help in the visualization of the project and will make sure that the owner and the contractor are on the same page in terms of final goals. To sum up, the public sector construction in Nepal is plagued by miscommunication between the parties and accountability issues. A BIM-based solution will make it possible to communicate clearly about the design changes, which can be approved immediately. With an accurate schedule and cost estimation, it will be possible to save billions of rupees annually.References:<ol><li>Tober Francom, S.M.ASCE; Samuel T. Ariaratnam, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE; and Mounir El Asmar, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE. Industry Perceptions of Alternative Project Delivery Methods Applied to Trenchless Pipeline Projects. https://goo.gl/images/T3NWAJ (Accessed 18.12.2018).</li><li>DBIA Design-Build Institute of America. Choosing a Project Delivery Method- A Design-Build Done Right Primer. 2015. https://dbia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Primers-Choosing-Delivery-Method.pdf (Accessed 15.12.2018).</li><li>Prithvi Man Shrestha. Pappu Construction violates approved design in four bridges http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-09-22/pappu-construction-violates-approved-design-in-four-bridges.html. (Accessed 19.12.2018).</li><li>Buildingsmart.fi. (2018). [online] Available at: https://buildingsmart.fi/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/2018-11-21_Hamburg_Savisalo_pdf.pdf [Accessed 22 Dec. 2018].</li></ol>

BIM Implementation in Nepalese Project Delivery System

Nepal has been adopting traditional construction methodologies for decades now, and the scenario looks the same, though the signs of some changes can be felt in a few international projects. The Nepalese construction industry is currently in its developing phase. Usually, for small-scale projects, local Nepalese construction companies have enough competence to carry out the construction work. Though for large-scale projects, foreign companies from China, India, Finland, Germany, France, and Italy are working together with Nepalese contractors in Joint ventures.Usually, foreign companies provide consulting, and local construction company act as contractors. There are various problems associated with the condition of the Nepalese construction industry. Lack of a balanced and proper bidding system, unavailability of construction material, delays in payment and overhead expenses of the project, lack of proper governmental rule and regulations, lack of preliminary execution plan, and proper utilization of labor are some of the common problems that can be felt within the industry.The lack of proper academic research in the field of the Nepalese construction industry is among the major problems that have incapacitated the industry. The current study practice in the Nepalese industry is based on the decades-old curriculum. The curriculum of Nepalese engineering institutions lacks the teaching basics of Computed Aided Design (CAD), which is the basis for producing drawings and plans in the industry. Similarly, the various institutions that are supposed to make the rules and regulations for the industry, haven’t been able to add any value to the Nepalese AEC industry. Nepal is also facing the problem of corruption in the construction business which can be seen in all the phases of the projects. With corruption, it adds expenses to the projects and results in ultimately increasing the expenses of the project.Building Information modeling or simply BIM has become a common process in developing construction projects in western countries like Finland, America, Britain, Germany also in Singapore, and China. BIM comes with various benefits, if used properly it can truly benefit the various parties of the industry, but if used with improper expertise it could cause chaos and add up more expenses for the project. Nepal is at the beginning of a new era, getting rid of the political deadlock that captured the country for decades, with the need for new roads, airports, hospitals, and schools, this is the best time for the Nepalese construction industry to adopt BIM.BIM (Building Information Modelling) can be introduced in the Nepalese Construction sector to make the construction effective from Pre – tendering to Post – the construction phase. In short, running a &nbsp;construction project with a planned BIM Model makes the work more accurate, profitable, and manageable. Visualizing the 2D plan into BIM Model and generating the information from the model makes the plan of the project much clearer and easier. Here is a &nbsp;video about <a href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5Qj9pI5us7o">BIM</a>.The design–bid–build method is one of the most common project delivery systems in the Nepalese Construction industry. With the use of BIM in the pre–tendering phase, the &nbsp;BIM models can be produced with the use of&nbsp; 2D plans. The project in the BIM environment gives a better visualization, which makes the construction planning easier already in the earlier stage of the project.All the drawings, list of materials, and schedules can be generated with precision compared to the traditional methods of design. The Bill of Quantity generated with the help of BIM models is more accurate, which can benefit the government authorities to determine the cost of the project. Procurement documents can be easily generated with the help of BIM models overcoming the tedious traditional methods.Almost 99% of construction activities in Nepal are cast in situ, which means all the construction works are performed on the site. All the activities are carried out by human labor, as it is a cheap resource in the country. It is possible to create all the plan drawings from the BIM–based model which can be used in a work site. Similarly, the list of the materials and volume of concrete, and the number of rebars, can be extracted from the BIM models and could be used in the construction phase which makes the work faster and more effective.With the proper schedule planning the labor can be mobilized effectively which speeds up the project in the construction phase. Changes in BIM models and the construction site could be easily visualized which helps to take the necessary actions needed to solve the problem and delivery the project on time and with quality. With a lack of proper documentation, the changes that occurred during the project construction phase are easily lost. BIM–based management system is more effective in the documentation as all the data is stored within the BIM model and makes it easier to see the changes in the future as it records accurate information.

A short description of BIM Use in Nepalese Architectural Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry

Nepal is one of the ten least urbanized countries in the world. However, it is also one of the top ten fastest-urbanizing countries. The Central Development Region has the highest proportion of the urban population. The Kathmandu Valley is the most populated urban region and one of the fastest-growing urban regions in South Asia, Kathmandu Valley accounts for 24 % of the total urban population, with Kathmandu Metropolitan City alone accounting for 9.7 %. With ever rising population it is necessary to have a proper development plan and Nepal is failing in every step to develop the working development plans. [1]In recent years Kathmandu valley has gone through a wave of development in various phases of development, where we find roads being dug up, for various reasons whether it be from the installation of the new drainage line, fixing the water supply line for Melamchi project, telecommunication lines or to install the new electric poles. This process is usually tedious and disturbs the movements of the traffic, without the proper planning of this system the disturbance is multiplied and creates chaos. With the rising population in the city, the demand for public utilities will rise in the future and an underground network of utilities becomes more congested creating several problems. Proper planning for the new network will arise and without accurate information about the existing network, it will be difficult to plan the new utility system.The simple solution to make this process more efficient will be by conducting the proper documentation of the existing underground structures and long-term planning for upcoming structures. Currently, various authorities use a CAD-based system to design and implement various projects which have various flaws and the loss of information is imminent. Without proper information about the existing utility system, it will be difficult to create a new system that can serve the engineering design purpose. In the current system of utility development, different authorities work on their own design which creates conflicts on the site. Lack of coordination in the design phase of the system creates numerous problems in the future. Excessive public disturbances, increases in the project cost, damaging the existing system are a few examples that lead to the unplanned development of projects. It is very important to have a single database system that could locate the utility system of an area so that the data could be used by the designers during the various phases of the project.This leads us to BIM,Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an intelligent 3D model-based process that equips architecture, engineering, and construction professionals with the insight and tools to plan, design, construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure.It is time for the Nepalese authorities to use the BIM-based planning system to properly document and manage projects. Currently, countries like Finland, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Singapore, China, and several others countries use BIM in their development projects, saving millions of project costs and time, in return helps to finish the project before the deadline. Building Information Modeling (BIM) provides an opportunity for improvements in productivity and cost-savings in various phases of the project.The BIM implementation can be done first for the existing structures. Where the existing network of pipelines, cables, etc. can be modeled in a 3D program and put in a central database in ifc file format. This will provide the global x,y, and z coordinates and geometrical properties of the structures. Once there is an existing database containing all the underground networks then the newer system can be designed with accuracy and without damaging the existing network. Repair and maintenance will also become more efficient.It is always recommended to start such kinds of projects utilizing BIM tools so that all the parties involved in the project can get the existing information accurately. This helps them with the new construction without any design errors or damaging the existing structures. Furthermore, BIM implementation helps communication among parties, planning, scheduling, and reducing cost.References:1. <a href="http://gsdrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/HDQ1294.pdf">http://gsdrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/HDQ1294.pdf</a>2. <a href="https://www.esri.com/esri-news/arcnews/spring13articles/subsurface-utility-modeled-in-3d">https://www.esri.com/esri-news/arcnews/spring13articles/subsurface-utility-modeled-in-3d</a>3. Ersi.com, ArcNews, Underground utilities beneath McDowell Steel in downtown Raleigh, North Carolina

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